Assessment of current solid waste management practices, community perceptions, and contributions in the City of Kigali, Rwanda

Abstract

Socioeconomic development, urbanization, an uncontrollable massive population rate, and higher living standards in cities increase the amount and variety of solid waste generated. If it accumulates, it degrades the urban environment, affects natural resources, and causes health problems. Dumping sites are becoming an increasing source of concern for Rwanda municipalities, particularly in Kigali City, and they are a significant source of pollution in the air, water, and land. This article aims to assess current solid waste treatment practices in the City of Kigali and evaluate the local community attitudes, participation, and perception in waste management. This research uses a mixed method to understand better how the waste management system performs in Kigali City. The data was collected by distributing a questionnaire to respondents, conducting interviews with communities, and contacting all companies that collect and recycle waste, government institutions, and other sources such as national household surveys and reports. The quantity and type of municipal solid waste (MSW) varies in each identified district. The findings indicate that personal attitude and perception are essential while engaging in waste management practices. There are poorly implemented WM laws and regulations. Due to incomplete combustion, open landfill fire produces smoke, hazardous gases, and particles that pollute the air. In addition, methane concentrations can reach up to 50 percent of landfill gas composition at the maximum anaerobic decomposition. These gases participate in the increase of greenhouse gas effect, global warming, and climate change.