Roles of homoarginine in the cardiovascular system

Abstract

Homoarginine is a non-protein amino acid which is structurally similar to arginine. Research shows that homoarginine is produced in a small quantity in the body of humans and animals and it is suggested to be found in some organs such as the kidney, liver, brain and body fluids; blood and urine. Homoarginine is synthesized from arginine and lysine by the catalytic action of arginine: glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) which is also responsible for the synthesis of guanidinoacetate, the precursor of creatine. High concentration of homoarginine has been reported to inhibit arginase which is a substrate in the synthesis of nitric oxide. Recent reports have also indicated that low homoarginine concentrations are a risk marker for cardiovascular diseases and death. More research needs to be done to improve knowledge on the physiological role of homoarginine and its application in clinical studies and pharmacy with the aim of coming up with possible medication and ways to combat cardiovascular diseases. This review seeks to summarize the role of homoarginine in the cardiovascular system.