Role of pharmacogenomics in drug discovery and development

Abstract

Pharmacogenomics (constitute both branch i.e pharmacology and genetic) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the effect of genetic variation on drug response in patient by correlating the gene expression with the pharmacokinetic parameter i.e absorption, distribution metabolism and excreation. The Pharmacogenomics is used in the research to increase the safety and efficacy of the drug by targeting the drug at the particular site of genes. Pharmacogenetic also play important role in the study of effect of multiple genes in the pharmacological action of drugs. In Pharmacogenomics we identify and study about various component of the genes that affect the therapeutic of the drug. Most of the drugs fail to show therapeutic effect at the latter stages it may be due to unexpected adverse effect of drug that may be due to the effect of various component of genes. Pharmacogenetic studies can be used at various stages of drug development. In clinical studies, pharmacogenetic can be used in stratification of patient based on their genotype, which correspond to their metabolizing capacity. This helps in prevention of various adverse drug reaction and better outcomes of clinical trial.