A study of demographic and clinical characteristics of consumers of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a large population-based study utilizing enrollment phase data from the tabari cohort

Abstract

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for managing pain and inflammatory conditions. However, their usage patterns and associated risk factors in the general population remain insufficiently understood, particularly in the Iranian context. This study aims to explore the epidemiological and clinical factors associated with NSAID consumption in a population-based cohort. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from the enrollment phase of the Tabari Cohort Study, encompassing 9,939 participants aged 35–70 years, were analyzed. NSAIDs usage was assessed based on self-reported consumption for at least 30 days. Logistic regression models were employed to identify demographic, behavioral, and clinical predictors of NSAID use, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The prevalence of NSAIDs use was 14.7%, increasing with age, obesity, and the number of comorbidities. Multivariable analysis identified significant predictors, including older age (OR: 5.01 for 60–70 years), obesity (OR: 1.40), urban residence (OR: 1.71), and substance use (OR: 1.34). Comorbid conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease, showed strong associations, with NSAIDs use increasing markedly as the number of chronic conditions rose (OR: 36.35 for seven or more comorbidities, P for trend < 0.001). Conclusion: This study highlights the high prevalence of NSAIDs use and its association with demographic and clinical factors. The findings underscore the need for careful monitoring of NSAID consumption, particularly among individuals with multiple comorbidities, to mitigate risks and optimize pain management strategies.