Recent Advances and Perspectives of Tunnel-Structured Nanomaterials for Zn-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Tunnel-structured nanomaterials have emerged as a promising class of materials for addressing critical challenges in Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs), including Zn dendrite growth, cathode degradation, and sluggish ion transport kinetics. Their open architecture creates expansive ion transport channels, facilitating rapid Zn2⁺ diffusion, superior cycling endurance, and enhanced rate capability. Recent breakthroughs in material design, such as inorganic–organic co-intercalation, advanced interface engineering, and tailored electrolyte systems, have further improved the electrochemical performance of these materials in ZIBs. This review highlights the latest breakthroughs in the intrinsic advantages and mechanisms of tunnel-structured nanomaterials in activating more active sites, promoting diffusion kinetics, and enabling high zinc storage performance. Additionally, the design strategies and their structural features are further discussed. The current challenges and prospects for future research directions are outlined, aiming to provide new insights and guidance to accelerate the scale-up production and commercial application of tunnel-structured nanomaterials in ZIBs.