Amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles-based mouthwash: preparation, characterization, and anti-bacterial effects

Abstract

The objective of this study is to prepare a novel mouthwash that contains Amorphous Calcium Phosphate nanoparticles (ACP-NPs) in a chitosan aqueous solution in order to prevent and treat the existing enamel decalcification around the brackets and gingivitis. ACP-NPs have been synthesized via a co-precipitation technique from the solution of ammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, as well as the addition of sodium hydroxide for the adjustment of pH ∼ 8. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) desorption have been performed on the samples. The ACP-NPs seemed to contain an initial particle size of less than 40 nm and the Ca/P ratio of 1.14. We have applied chitosan since it can function as the stabilizer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory and thus, prevent plaque, bad breath, and decrease gingivitis. Agar dilution has been utilized to assess the antibacterial or effectiveness of the prepared mouthwash. This particular mouthwash can be considered smart since it has the ability to increase the ion release at a carcinogenic pH 4, which is the significant timing when these ions are mostly needed and required to inhibit the caries. .