The specificities of the online focal group: an integrative review

Abstract

The scope of this study is to analyze the specificities of conception and execution of the different modalities of online focus groups (OFGs), a qualitative technique that is an alternative to a traditional focus group, due to the social distancing required by the COVID-19 pandemic. An integrative literature review was conducted in PubMed Central and BVS. National and international studies published in the last 10 years that describe and discuss OFGs were included. A total of 291 ar-ticles were identified and 24 were included after evaluation in stages. Four OFG modalities were found: synchronous or asynchronous by writing; synchronous by video/audio or audio. The OFG was used to research different health topics. The same platform can be used for realizing different OFG modalities, guaranteeing the participants’ security and anonymity. The lack of a real-life at-mosphere can impact participant engagement, but it can be resolved. An OFG can produce quality data, save time and expense, expand the participation of people who are geographically dispersed, but limit those with restricted internet access. This study can help researchers who intend to choose anOFG modality. Studies that assess the limits of OFGs in Brazil are suggested, as well those which address the asynchronous OFG by audio.