The Efficiency of YOLOv5 Models in the Detection of Similar Construction Details

Abstract

Computer vision solutions have become widely used in various industries and as part of daily solutions. One task of computer vision is object detection. With the development of object detection algorithms and the growing number of various kinds of image data, different problems arise in relation to the building of models suitable for various solutions. This paper investigates the influence of parameters used in the training process involved in detecting similar kinds of objects, i.e., the hyperparameters of the algorithm and the training parameters. This experimental investigation focuses on the widely used YOLOv5 algorithm and analyses the performance of different models of YOLOv5 (n, s, m, l, x). In the research, the newly collected construction details (22 categories) dataset is used. Experiments are performed using pre-trained models of the YOLOv5. A total of 185 YOLOv5 models are trained and evaluated. All models are tested on 3300 images photographed on three different backgrounds: mixed, neutral, and white. Additionally, the best-obtained models are evaluated using 150 new images, each of which has several dozen construction details and is photographed against different backgrounds. The deep analysis of different YOLOv5 models and the hyperparameters shows the influence of various parameters when analysing the object detection of similar objects. The best model was obtained when the YOLOv5l was used and the parameters are as follows: coloured images, image size—320; batch size—32; epoch number—300; layers freeze option—10; data augmentation—on; learning rate—0.001; momentum—0.95; and weight decay—0.0007. These results may be useful for various tasks in which small and similar objects are analysed.