Educational Segregation and Social Inequality in Peru: A Spatial Analysis at the Secondary Level

Abstract

Peru is one of the countries with the highest level of educational segregation in Latin America. This influences the quality of education of its high school students, especially affecting their achievement. Thus, this study investigates the educational socioeconomic segregation from the spatial analysis, from a study of the spatial autocorrelation of the Socioeconomic Index and the students' educational results from the Student Census Evaluation. For this, the Global and Local Moran Indexes and the Local Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) were calculated, and an analysis of the scatter plots and the Cluster maps were carried out, identifying the regions with dimensions of greater spatial exposure or isolation and uniformity or grouping. The results show regions with positive spatial autocorrelation. These findings confirm the presence of spatial segregation into regions with high socioeconomic status and high educational outcomes, and regions with low socioeconomic status and low outcomes, which have implications for the learning of Peruvian high school students.