Navigating Pluralism in Medicine: Healthcare Practices Among Older Adults in West Manggarai, Indonesia

Abstract

This study examines the pluralism model in healthcare practices among older adults in West Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Due to limited access to modern healthcare, many older adults in rural areas rely on traditional medicine. Consequently, this research investigates how they integrate traditional and modern practices to meet their health needs. A qualitative approach was used, involving semi-structured interviews with 10 older adults from Pantar village, selected through purposive sampling. The data were thematically analyzed to identify patterns in healthcare-seeking behavior and the perceived effectiveness of traditional versus modern healthcare options. This study reveals a complex and dynamic relationship between conventional and traditional healthcare practices among older adults in West Manggarai. Many older adults use a hybrid approach, relying on conventional medicine for acute or emergency conditions, while traditional medicine—such as herbal remedies and spiritual healing—are often preferred for initial treatment and prevention. Trust in ancestral wisdom, accessibility, and cultural beliefs significantly influence healthcare decisions. Conventional care is often perceived as distant and impersonal, strengthening reliance on traditional practices. In conclusion, healthcare pluralism in this region is shaped by accessibility, cultural beliefs, and perceived efficacy of various medical systems. The study highlights the need to integrate traditional knowledge with conventional practices to foster more inclusive and effective health services for older adults in rural Indonesia and improve health outcomes in aging populations.