Prevalence, Clinical Features, and Management of Cervical Polyps: A One-Year Study at Rabia Balkhi Hospital in Afghanistan

Abstract

Background Cervical polyps are benign growths from the cervical epithelium, found in 2% to 5% of the population. They usually appear as small, stalk-attached lesions ranging from pea to cherry size. Contributing factors include cervical infections, congestion, and elevated estrogen levels. During pregnancy, these polyps may increase the risk of late abortion and preterm birth. While malignancy is rare, histopathological examination after removal is advised to rule out cancer. Materials and methods This current study, the first of its kind in Afghanistan, aimed to assess the scope of cervical polyps among Afghan women presenting to Rabia Balkhi National Hospital in 2018. We conducted a descriptive study of cervical polyps, exploring the prevalence, symptoms, complications, and procedures used to remove them. Data were collected from 3730 cases admitted to the hospital. Results Out of 3730 cases, 50 patients (1.34%) were diagnosed with cervical polyps. The polyps varied in size and were typically attached to the cervix by a slender stalk. Symptoms reported included inter-menstrual, post- coital, and post-menopausal bleeding. Histopathological examinations were performed following polyp removal to rule out malignancy. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and clinical presentation of cervical polyps among Afghan women. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing and managing cervical polyps to prevent potential complications, especially during pregnancy. Further research is needed to understand this population's epidemiology, pathogenesis, and optimal management strategies for cervical polyps.