Disparities in electric vehicle charging stations in rural and urban areas: Analyzing accessibility and socio-demographic influence

Abstract

The transition to electric vehicles is critical for sustainable transportation, yet disparities in the distribution of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) pose challenges for equitable adoption. This study investigates the accessibility of EVCS in rural and urban areas, focusing on how socio-demographic factors influence accessibility metrics. Using geographic information systems (GIS), network analysis, and binary logistic regression, we analyzed spatial data on EVCS locations and socio-demographic attributes such as income levels, educational attainment, and minority representation across diverse regions. Accessibility metrics, such as average distance and travel time to nearest EVCS, were calculated to assess geographical and social inequities. The closest facility analysis revealed substantial disparities in EVCS accessibility between urban and rural areas, with urban areas having an average travel distance of 3 miles to the nearest EVCS compared to 9 miles in rural areas. Statistical analyses underscored the influence of factors such as income and educational attainment on the availability and accessibility of EVCS. The results highlight critical gaps in infrastructure planning and underscore the need for policies aimed at equitable distribution of EVCS to ensure inclusive participation in the electric vehicles (EV) transition. This research provides valuable insights into the socio-spatial dynamics of EVCS accessibility, offering actionable recommendations for policymakers and urban planners to address existing inequities and promote sustainable and inclusive transportation systems.