An Analysis of Empirical Validity of Alfred Adler’s Theory of Birth Order

Abstract

There are many theories that attempt to explain the formation of personality. This paper examines Alfred Adler's theory of birth order and draws conclusions about its empirical validity. It describes how Adler's own life directly influenced his work and the theory itself, including the five distinct personality types that would develop as a result of birth order position. The research that has been conducted on the topic is then presented, focusing on both the overall personality types and specific traits, as well as research methodology and possible factors that could alter birth order effects. The paper concludes with an analysis of the research in terms of its flaws, limitations, and comprehensiveness in order to determine if there is empirical support for the theory. Suggestions for future research are then presented.