Risk indicators of depression among medical, dental, nursing, pharmacology, and other medical science students in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and risk indicators of depression in undergraduate students of health-related specialties. A systematic random sample of 398 students from seven health colleges was included. The assessment tool was a self-reported questionnaire based on Becks Depression Inventory (BDI). Participant status was categorized into Absence (BDI = 0–13) or Presence (BDI = 14–60) of depression. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and stepwise logistic regression. About 45% of students reported having mild-to-severe depression. The significant risk indicators for depression were: gender, recent loss of family members, type of study, year of study, presence of psychological illnesses, social life, satisfaction with each of the following: the specialty, teaching staff, college facilities. The regression model showed the following factors to remain significantly related to depression: presence of psychological illness, social life style, recent loss of family member, and satisfaction with teaching staff. In conclusion, a significant number of undergraduate students have depression. This study indicates the need to support this group of students by the community and the university administration. Students’ academic and social advisers’ roles are recommended to be more effective. Teaching staff are recommended to have their teaching and communication skills enhanced.