The reactivity of α-hydroxyhaem and verdohaem bound to haem oxygenase-1 to dioxygen and sodium dithionite

Abstract

Recently we have shown that ferric α-hydroxyhaem bound to haem oxygenase-1 can be converted to ferrous verdohaem by approximately an equimolar amount of O2 in the absence of exogenous electrons [Sakamoto, H., Omata, Y., Palmer, G., and Noguchi, M. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 18196-18200]. Contrary to those results, other studies have claimed that the conversion requires both O2 and an electron. More recently, Migita et al. have reported that the major reaction product of ferric α-hydroxyhaem with O2 is a ferric porphyrin cation radical that can be converted to ferrous α-hydroxyhaem with sodium dithionite [Migita, C. T., Fujii, H., Matera, K. M., Takahashi, S., Zhou, H., and Yoshida, T. (1999) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1432, 203-213]. To clarify the reason(s) for the discrepancy, we compared the reactions; i.e. α-hydroxyhaem to verdohaem and verdohaem to biliverdin, under various conditions as well as according to the procedures of Migita. We find that complex formation of α-hydroxyhaem with haem oxygenase may be small and a substantial amount of free α-hydroxyhaem may remain, depending on the reconstitution conditions; this could lead to a misinterpretation of the experimental results. We also find that ferrous verdohaem appears to be air-sensitive and is therefore easily converted to a further oxidized species with excess O2. Finally, we find that dithionite seems to be inappropriate for investigating the haem oxygenase reaction, because it reduces ferrous verdohaem to a further reduced species that has not been seen in the haem degradation system driven by NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase.