Development of a simple test method for inhibitory effect of gall formation on Meloidogyne incognita and its application to nematicide screening

Abstract

For a screening test to discover nematicide candidates to control Meloidogyne incognita, a potted plant-based assay to observe gall formation on the root is realistic because it can cover the nematode life-cycle period and a broad range of mode of actions of tested compounds. However, both time and labour are needed for its operation. The objective of this study was to develop a plant-based screening method enabling easy periodical observation of the progress of root gall formation under almost no soil adsorption conditions of tested compounds. As an alternative material for soil, rockwool substrate for growing vegetable seedlings was used with a nutrient solution. Observation of gall formation on the same substrates was possible for 3-4 weeks. With this method, standard nematicides, e.g., fosthiazate and fluopyram, provided clear inhibitory effect on gall formation. Their ED50 values at 21 days after inoculation of 300 second-stage juveniles (substrate)-1 were 0.0034 mg (substrate)-1 and 0.0035 mg (substrate)-1, respectively. Furthermore, conventional fungicides and insecticides were screened with the method. Activities were observed in some products like polyoxins, which showed 100% control at 25 mg (substrate)-1, a considerably higher dose than that in standard nematicides. This study developed a simple test method for evaluating inhibitory effect on gall formation by M. incognita and proved its usefulness by applying it to nematicide screening.