Genetic polymorphism of milk protein loci in Argentinian Holstein cattle

Abstract

Some alleles of milk protein loci are associated with superior cheese production characteristics. The genetic polymorphism of the milk protein loci αs1-casein, κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin was examined in Argentinian Holstein cattle. Samples from 12 herds of four regions of Córdoba were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis. The ξ2 test was used to assess whether the populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genotypic diversity was analyzed by the Shannon-Weaver index. The observed genotypic frequencies were analyzed by Hedrick's genetic identity and the genetic distance of Balakrishnan and Sanghvi. The allelic and genotypic frequencies were similar to those of other Holstein populations. The genotypic frequencies of the αs1-casein and β-casein loci were in equilibrium, whereas in some populations the κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin loci were not. According to the Shannon-Weaver index the total genetic diversity within each herd was greater than 96%. The high values of identity agreed with the low genetic distances among populations. We conclude that there is extensive genetic homogeneity in Holstein cattle in Córdoba Province and that it would be feasible to select for B alleles at the κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin loci in order to improve the quality of milk available for cheese manufacturing.