An updated and global review on prostate cancer

Abstract

Introduction: Prostate cancer is a major public health concern with a high impact worldwide. Knowledge and management of this disease should be mastered by general practitioners and specialists who treat patients with this pathology. Objective: To obtain an updated and detailed review of the epidemiology, risk factors, classification, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Materials and methods: A search was carried out in the Embase and MEDLINE databases from January 2000 to March 2017, comprising risk factors, screening, diagnosis, new biomarkers and treatment of prostate cancer. Results: Genetic and environmental factors are currently the focus of studies. Prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal examination are still used to suspect prostate cancer, while diagnosis is achieved with a prostate biopsy. Important changes have been made regarding the classification and treatment of patients with this disease. Conclusion: Significant changes have been made in the area. Several ongoing and upcoming researches on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this condition are available, which are relevant for men around the world.