Acute effects of electronic cigarettes on arterial pressure and peripheral sympathetic activity in young nonsmokers

Abstract

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are marketed as an alternative to smoking for those who want to decrease the health risks of tobacco. Tobacco cigarettes increase heart rate (HR) and arterial pressure, while reducing muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) through sympathetic baroreflex inhibition. The acute effects of e-cigarettes on arterial pressure and MSNA have not been reported: Our purpose was to clarify this issue. Using a randomized crossover design, participants inhaled on a JUUL e-cigarette containing nicotine (59 mg/mL) and a similar placebo e-cigarette (0 mg/mL). Experiments were separated by -1 mo. We recorded baseline ECG, finger arterial pressure (n = 15), and MSNA (n = 10). Subjects rested for 10 min (BASE) and then inhaled once every 30 s on an e-cigarette that contained nicotine or placebo (VAPE) for 10 min followed by a 10-min recovery (REC). Data were expressed as D means ± SE from BASE. Heart rate increased in the nicotine condition during VAPE and returned to BASE values in REC (5.0 ± 1.3 beats/min nicotine vs. 0.1 ± 0.8 beats/min placebo, during VAPE; P < 0.01). Mean arterial pressure increased in the nicotine condition during VAPE and remained elevated during REC (6.5 ± 1.6 mmHg nicotine vs. 2.6 ± 1mmHg placebo, during VAPE and 4.6.0 ± 1.7 mmHg nicotine vs. 1.4 ± 1.4mmHg placebo, during REC; P < 0.05). MSNA decreased from BASE to VAPE and did not restore during REC (-7.1 ± 1.6 bursts/min nicotine vs. 2.6 ± 2 bursts/min placebo, during VAPE and -5.8 ± 1.7 bursts/min nicotine vs. 0.5 ± 1.4 bursts/min placebo, during REC; P < 0.05). Our results show that acute e-cigarette usage increases mean arterial pressure leading to a baroreflex-mediated inhibition of MSNA.