Pilot study on benzene exposure risks in healthcare workers: a combined socio-demographic and computational toxicology approach

Abstract

Introduction: Healthcare professions involve frequent exposure to harmful chemicals such as benzene, particularly in environments with suboptimal hygiene, posing significant occupational health risks. This pilot study aimed to assess benzene exposure among healthcare workers in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 51 healthcare workers, including laboratory technologists, paramedics, nurses, and housekeeping staff, at six major hospitals. Benzene concentrations were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Socio-demographic data were obtained via questionnaires. Molecular docking was performed to explore benzene’s neurotoxic potential. Results: The mean benzene concentration in blood was 0.79 ppm. Healthcare worker category, body mass index (BMI), and job duration significantly predicted benzene levels. Prolonged work hours correlated strongly with benzene body burden (r = 0.65, p < 0.01). Molecular docking indicated weak but significant binding of benzene with the MAO-B enzyme. Discussion: These preliminary findings highlight the occupational hazards benzene poses to healthcare workers and suggest the need for improved workplace safety and biomonitoring. The study briefly discusses gender and socio-labor factors, emphasizing institutional responsibilities to ensure safe working conditions. Larger-scale studies are warranted to validate these pilot observations.