Economy in the Childfree Era: A Comparative Study of Japan and Indonesia

Abstract

The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and academics, as well as contributing to literature on demographic economics and sustainable development. The study investigates the economic impact of the childfree trend in Japan and Indonesia, two countries with differing demographic profiles and economic challenges. This study employs a qualitative research method with a comparative descriptive approach, utilizing secondary data from national statistical reports, academic research, and official publications. The results reveal that Japan's declining birth rates and aging population lead to a decrease in productivity and a labor shortage. Conversely, Indonesia faces challenges of poverty, unemployment, and pressure on natural resources despite its large young population. Major findings suggest that Japan needs to reform its family policy and increase labor force participation. In Indonesia, sustainable population management and the exploitation of demographic dividends are crucial for economic growth and poverty reduction.