A dynamic understanding of cytochrome P450 structure and function through solution NMR

Abstract

Many economically important biosyntheses incorporate regiospecific and stereospecific oxidations at unactivated carbons. Such oxidations are commonly catalyzed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, heme-containing enzymes that activate molecular oxygen while selectively binding and orienting the substrate for reaction. Despite the plethora of P450-catalyzed reactions, the P450 fold is highly conserved, and static structures are often insufficient for characterizing conformational states that contribute to specificity. High-resolution solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers insights into dynamic processes and conformational changes that are required of a P450 in order to attain the combination of specificity and efficiency required for these reactions.