The Relationship Between Environmental Sanitation and the Incidence of Diarrhea in Toddlers in the Work Area of the Pertiwi Health Center, Makassar City

Abstract

Background: Environmental sanitation is one of the environmental health requirements that must be owned by every family. The impact of the low level of sanitation coverage is to reduce the quality of the community's living environment, so that it can increase the transmission of environmental-based diseases such as diarrhea. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between environmental sanitation and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in the working area of the Pertiwi Health Center Makassar City. Methods: The type of research used is a quantitative study with an observational analytic method with a Cross Sectional Study design. The study was conducted in October 2020 in the working area of the Pertiwi Health Center with a research population of 456 toddlers. The number of samples in this study as many as 60 children under five were calculated using the Lemeshow formula (1990), and obtained by the Simple Random Sampling technique. Data was collected by means of interviews using questionnaires and field observations. The collected data was processed and analyzed by Chi square test using SPSS and then presented in the form of tables and narratives. Results: Statistical tests showed that there was a significant relationship between the physical quality of clean water (p value = 0.014) and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in the Pertiwi Health Center work area, Makassar City in 2020. Variables that had no relationship with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in the Puskesmas work area. Pertiwi Makassar City in 2020, namely the variable source of drinking water (p value = 0.683) and the variable type of house floor (p value = 0.361). While the variable of latrine ownership, the results showed that 100% of respondents had latrines with sanitary conditions so that the latrine ownership variable could not be analyzed by bivariate test because the data were homogeneous (Constant). Conclusion: This study concluded that the incidence of diarrhea in children under five was significantly related to the physical quality of clean water in the working area of the Pertiwi Health Center Makassar City.