Energy system transformation for attainability of net zero emissions in Thailand

Abstract

Thailand has a commitment to achieve net zero emissions. The roles of energy service demand reduction and hydrogen in the energy transition have not been sufficiently evaluated. This study analyzed energy and technological implications in the energy sector to attain net zero emissions in Thailand by 2050. This study used the AIM/Enduse model, a bottom-up type energy system model, as an analytical tool. A business-as-usual scenario and a net zero emission scenario are analyzed. Unlike other studies, this paper explored the energy transition in the absence of carbon, capture and sequestration (CCS) technology with a focus on energy service demand reduction and green hydrogen-based technologies. Decarbonization of the energy sector and transition towards net zero emission by 2050 in Thailand would require rapid deployment of renewable energy sources like solar, wind and biomass. In the net zero scenario, installed capacity of solar PV and wind for power generation in 2050 would reach 64 GW and 40 GW, respectively. In addition, green hydrogen will have a crucial role in achieving net zero emission target. The high carbon removals from LULUCF sector in Thailand will aid in reaching net zero emission without CCS technology in the energy sector.