Cross-cultural application of positive psychology therapy for children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review

Abstract

Globally, over 90% of youth with depression and anxiety reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet access to mental health services remains constrained. This scoping review explored the cross-cultural applicability and feasibility of Positive Psychology Therapy for child and adolescent mental health in LMICs, focusing on ages 10–19, using five databases (PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, Scopus, ERIC). Findings reveal a geographical skew towards upper-middle-income settings and mid-adolescents (14–17). Strategies employed were heterogeneous; however, gratitude-based techniques, character strengths, and hope-focused interventions were consistently linked to positive mental health outcomes with sustained benefits up to 8 months post-intervention. Effects of strategies targeting negative mental health outcomes varied depending on the technique used. PPTs show promising impact, particularly when culturally tailored, but limited replication limits generalizability. Rigorous research across diverse LMIC settings and broader age groups is essential to strengthen the evidence base and support developmental applicability in these contexts.