Transformers are Short-Text Classifiers

Abstract

Short text classification is a crucial and challenging aspect of Natural Language Processing. For this reason, there are numerous highly specialized short text classifiers. A variety of approaches have been employed in short text classifiers such as convolutional and recurrent networks. Also many short text classifier based on graph neural networks have emerged in the last years. However, in recent short text research, State of the Art (SOTA) methods for traditional text classification, particularly the pure use of Transformers, have been unexploited. In this work, we examine the performance of a variety of short text classifiers as well as the top performing traditional text classifier on benchmark datasets. We further investigate the effects on two new real-world short text datasets in an effort to address the issue of becoming overly dependent on benchmark datasets with a limited number of characteristics. The datasets are motivated from a real-world use case on classifying goods and services for tax auditing. NICE is a classification system for goods and services that divides them into 45 classes and is based on the Nice Classification of the World Intellectual Property Organization. The Short Texts Of Products and Services (STOPS) dataset is based on Amazon product descriptions and Yelp business entries. Our experiments unambiguously demonstrate that Transformers achieve SOTA accuracy on short text classification tasks, raising the question of whether specialized short text techniques are necessary. The NICE dataset showed to be particularly challenging and makes a good benchmark for future advancements. A preprint can be also found on arXiv [14]. Source code is available here: https://github.com/FKarl/short-text-classification.