Rheumatoid arthritis associated with the occurrence, severity and extension of periodontitis: A case-control study

Abstract

Background: Emerging evidence pointed to a potential association between periodontitis (PE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), based on shared characteristics and similarities in risk factors, immunogenetics and pathways of tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential association between RA and PE, as well as the influence of risk variables in this association. Material and Methods: The present case-control study comprised 471 individuals (157 cases with RA and 314 controls) that underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination. The association between risk variables and the occurrence of AR and PE were evaluated through univariate and multivariate logistic analysis. Results: Higher frequency (p<0.001), severity (p=0.006) and extension (p=0.018) of PE was observed among the cases when compared to controls. Variables retained in the final multivariate models for the occurrence of PE were: lower number of teeth, smoking, no use of dental floss, ≥4 daily toothbrushing and RA; for the occurrence of RA were: higher age, female gender, smoking, alcohol use and PE. It is important to stress that RA (OR=2.53; 95%CI 1.24–3.86; p<0.001) was retained in the model for PE, and PE (OR=3.12; 95%CI 1.47–4.26; p<0.001) was retained in the model for RA. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated a high frequency of PE among individuals with RA and an important association among the occurrence, severity and extension of PE and RA and smoking.