Killing of sons and daughters: a systematic review for analysing the elements to distinguish the different features and circumstances related to these filicides

Abstract

Filicide is defined as the killing of a child by a parent. Although this definition is generally intended to apply across all age groups, it frequently varies in the literature, with no clear consensus regarding characterization and underlying factors. This systematic review aims to organise existing information for analyzing the elements that can help to distinguish the different features and circumstances related to these homicides and contribute for definition and classification. The review follows the PRISMA criteria (Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). Filicide is defined as the killing of a child by a parent. Although this definition is generally intended to apply across all age groups, it frequently varies in the literature, with no clear consensus regarding characterization and underlying factors. This systematic review aims to organise existing information for analyzing the elements that can help to distinguish the different features and circumstances related to these homicides and contribute for definition and classification. The review follows the PRISMA criteria (Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). Studies primarily aim to profile offenders and explore contributing factors such as mental illness, domestic violence, and attachment. Female perpetrators tend to be younger and associated with unwanted pregnancy, mental health issues, abuse, or lack of support. Male perpetrators more often act out of jealousy, revenge, or conflict. Frequent methods of filicide include suffocation, neglect, and physical violence. Cultural and gender stereotypes influence media portrayals and legal outcomes, with evidence suggesting that women are less likely to be convicted or receive harsher penalties. Filicide-suicide cases are commonly associated with mental illness and partner conflict, with limited and heterogeneous studies which hinders generalisation of results. The review highlights the need for more balanced, cross-cultural, and gender-inclusive research on this phenomenon.