Surgical Site Infections in Diabetic Patients: literature review

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition with severe repercussions in surgical treatment. One important component of this effect is the complex link between diabetes and Surgical Site Infections (SSI). Diabetes severely slows wound healing, owing to poor microvascular circulation, decreased collagen production, and diminished immunological responses. Diabetic patients are more likely to develop SSI as a result of variables such as hyperglycemia, neuropathy, obesity, and peripheral vascular disease. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus species are common bacterial infections that cause SSI in diabetics. Furthermore, this review emphasizes important biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, which provide indications for SSI in diabetics. Deep tissue involvement, sepsis, and extended hospitalization are among the consequences associated with these infections, which need quick and customized care measures. By focusing on both diabetes control and SSI prevention, healthcare practitioners may reduce the significant burden both conditions place on patients and the healthcare system, thereby improving outcomes for diabetic patients having surgical operations.