ENHANCING PROBLEM-SOLVING AND COLLABORATION SKILLS THROUGH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING (PBL) WITH COMPUTATIONAL THINKING (CT) IN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FOR EIGHT GRADES

Abstract

The low problem-solving skills and collaboration skills of Indonesian students, along with the demands of the 21st century skills, encourage the integration of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) with Computation Thinking (CT) approach as an innovative solution to train the ability to solve complex problems collaboratively. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with a Computational Thinking (CT) approach in enhancing students' problem- solving and collaboration skills. The research was motivated by students' low problem-solving skills (pre-cycle: 52%) and the need for innovative approaches that encourage 21st-century skills. This type of research is a Classroom Action Research with Kemmis & Mc Taggart spiral model, the study implemented two cycles. The research subjects consisted of 31 students of class VIII A in the 2023/2024 academic year. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and student worksheets (LKPD), then analyzed using descriptive quantitative-qualitative methods. The results revealed a significant improvement in: (1) problem-solving skills (N-gain = 0.83, high category) and (2) collaboration skills (N-gain = 0.91). All indicators of achievement were met in cycle II, prompting the cessation of further cycles. The PBL model that integrating with a CT approach effectively enhances problem- solving and collaboration skills. This study provides empirical evidence that the integration of CT into PBL model facilitates active learning and advances 21st-century skillsRendahnya keterampilan pemecahan masalah dan keterampilan kolaborasi siswa Indonesia, serta tuntutan keterampilan abad ke-21, mendorong perlunya integrasi model Problem-Based Learning (PBL) dengan pendekatan Computational Thinking (CT) sebagai solusi inovatif untuk melatih kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah kompleks secara kolaboratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas model PBL yang dipadukan dengan pendekatan CT dalam meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah dan kolaborasi siswa. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya keterampilan pemecahan masalah siswa (pra-siklus: 52%) serta kebutuhan akan pendekatan inovatif yang mendukung keterampilan abad ke-21. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan model spiral Kemmis & McTaggart yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 31 siswa kelas VIII A tahun ajaran 2023/2024. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, angket, dan lembar kerja peserta didik (LKPD), kemudian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif-kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan pada: (1) keterampilan pemecahan masalah (N-gain = 0,83, kategori tinggi) dan (2) keterampilan kolaborasi (N-gain = 0,91). Seluruh indikator ketercapaian terpenuhi pada siklus II sehingga penelitian dihentikan. Integrasi model PBL dengan pendekatan CT terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah dan kolaborasi. Penelitian ini memberikan bukti empiris bahwa integrasi CT dalam model PBL memfasilitasi pembelajaran aktif serta mengembangkan keterampilan abad ke-21.