Carbon fiber reinforced cellulose composites: a review

Abstract

Natural fibers have gained considerable attention due to their renewable, biodegradable, and cost-effective characteristics, making them valuable in various industries. Among these, cellulose fibers have historically played a pivotal role in the textile sector due to their excellent mechanical properties and moisture absorption capabilities. However, technological advancements have significantly expanded their applications. Currently, cellulose fibers are increasingly utilized in composite materials, particularly in civil engineering, where they serve as reinforcements for structures, reducing cracking, and enhancing the durability of infrastructures. These fibers are also being incorporated into automotive, aerospace, and sports materials, providing an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to synthetic fibers. Although mechanically weaker, cellulose-based composites offer a lightweight, biodegradable, and sustainable solution. The growing popularity of natural fiber-reinforced composites is driven by their environmental advantages, which are particularly relevant for industries prioritizing sustainability, such as automotive, aerospace, and packaging. This study investigates the mechanical properties of cellulose-based composites and examines the factors influencing these properties, including fiber treatment and hybridization techniques, which help improve their performance. The paper also highlights the emerging potential of cellulose nanofibrils, the nanoscale version of cellulose, in innovative applications such as packaging, biomedical fields, and construction materials. These developments contribute to the ongoing evolution of natural fiber composites in diverse industries.