Bromamine T, a stable active bromine compound, prevents the LPS-induced inflammatory response

Abstract

Inflammation is the most common cause of most acute and chronic debilitating diseases. Towards unveiling novel therapeutic options for patients with such complica- tions, N-bromotaurine (TauNHBr) has emerged as a potential anti-inflammatory agent; however, its therapeutic efficacy is hindered due to its relatively poor stability. To address this challenge, the present study focused on examining the effects of a stable active bromine compound, named bromamine T (BAT). The present study examined the protective proper- ties of BAT against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation in vitro, by using LPS-stimulated murine J774.A1 macrophages (Mφs), as well as in vivo, by using a murine LPS-mediated air-pouch model. Additionally, its efficacy was compared with that of taurine, a known potent anti-inflammatory molecule. In LPS-stimulated J774A.1 Mφs, BAT and taurine were very effective in reducing the secre- tion of pro-inflammatory mediators. The in vitro experiments indicated that LPS-mediated inflammation was attenuated due to the protective properties of BAT and of taurine, probably through the inhibition of phosphorylated p65 NF-κB subunit (Ser 536) nuclear translocation. The in vivo experiments also revealed that BAT and taurine inhibited LPS-mediated inflam- mation by reducing total cell/polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) infiltration in the air-pouch and by decreasing pouch wall thickness. The analysis of exudates obtained from pouches highlighted that the inhibitory effects of BAT and taurine on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines were similar to those observed in vitro. Notably, the effect of BAT at the highest concentration tested was superior to that of taurine at the highest concentration. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicate that BAT prevents the LPS-induced inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo.