Characterization and Crystallinity of Two Bioactive Sealers: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

Abstract

Since the crystallinity of hydroxyapatite created by bioactive sealers could affect their solubility percentage, this study aimed to analyze the degree of crystallinity and mineral maturity of hydroxyapatite crystals formed by bioactive (Cerafil and Endosequence) root canal sealers. Set discs of each sealer were submerged, either in deionized water or phosphate buffer solution (PBS). After 30 days, the crystallinity indices, crystal size, and mineral maturity were determined. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Student’s t tests with significance set at p < 0.05. After immersion in PBS, Endosequence had the most significant value of mineral maturity (1030/1110Raman) and PO4/amide IFTIR ratio. However, the CO3/PO4 ratio was reduced by both solutions, particularly by PBS. There was no significant difference between both bioactive sealers. Compared to Endosequence, Cerafil had the highest crystallinity indices for CIXRD, CIFTIR, and CIRaman. AH-26 had a significantly greater crystal size (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the crystal size of the Cerafil and Endosequence bioactive sealers (p > 0.05). Overall, Cerafil and Endosequence successfully formed hydroxyapatite crystals when exposed to PBS, with high CIs obtained by Cerafil. The crystallinity and mineral maturity of Cerafil and Endosequence were comparable. On the other hand, AH-26 failed to produce hydroxyapatite.