A process optimization of multi-pass multi-layer laser deposition with 316 L stainless steel wire

Abstract

In this paper, the laser metal-wire deposition (LMwD) process of 316 L stainless steel was optimized through a series of systematical experiments. In the orthogonal experiment, the influence of laser power, scanning speed, and wire feed speed on average thin wall thickness (w), the standard deviation of thin wall thickness (δ), average layer height (h), and standard deviation of layer height (α) was investigated. Additionally, several experiments were conducted to determine multi-pass overlap rates affecting the forming precision which could generate an appropriate product at the highest scanning speed possible for each laser power. The result indicates that the laser power and scanning speed are the main factors affecting forming precisions of deposited samples, while the overlap rate of deposited samples can determine forming precisions. Based on the optimized parameters, a deposition product with a gold surface and high deposition quality was successfully achieved.