A review on the role of macro and micro nutrients in bone health

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem, affecting many individuals. The aging population will require problem related prevention, education, and treatment to maintain bone density and reduce the bone fractures and falls. Inadequate intake of nutrients increases the risk for bone loss and subsequent osteoporosis. Protein, calcium and vitamin D are vital nutrients for optimal bone health. Adequate calcium is essential for bone maintenance. There are several other vitamin and mineral needed for metabolic processes related to good bone health, including manganese, copper, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin C and the B vitamins. Related macro- and micronutrients play an important role in bone mass integrity and quality. Adequate nutrition for older adults needs to be encouraged to promote and maintain bone health.