Cyclization by a specific lactam increases the ability of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH)-(1-31)NH2 to stimulate bone growth in ovariectomized rats

Abstract

Human parathyroid hormone (hPTH)-(1-31)NH2 (Ostabolin), which only stimulates adenylyl cyclase (AC) instead of AC and phospholipase-C as do hPTH(1-84) and hPTH(1-34), strongly stimulates femoral cortical and trabecular bone growth in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Two side-chain lactums have been introduced in the hydrophilic face of the receptor-binding region of the fragment's Ser17-Val31 amphiphilic α-helix in an attempt to develop improved analogs for the treatment of osteoporosis. Replacing the polar Lys27 with an apolar Leu on the hydrophobic face of this α-helix and stabilizing the helix with a lactam between Glu22 and Lys26 produced a fragment, [Leu27]-cyclo(Glu22-Lys26)-hPTH(l-31)NH2, which had six times the AC-stimulating ability of hPTH(131)NH2 in ROS 17/2 rat osteosarcoma cells, but the other helix-stabilizing lactam derivative [Leu27]-cyclo(Lys26-Arg30)-hPTH(1-31)NH2 did not have a greater AC- stimulating ability than hPTH(1-31)NH2, to stimulate AC in ROS 17/2 rat osteosarcoma cells. As expected from AC stimulation being responsible for PTH's anabolic action, [Leu27]-cyclo(Glu22-Lys26)-hPTH(1-31)NH2 was, depending on the experimental design, a 1.4 to 2 times better stimulator of trabecular bone growth in the OVX rat model than either hPTH(1-31)NH2 or [Len27] -cyclo(Lys26-Arg30)-hPTH(1-31)NH2. Thus, there is now a more potently anabolic derivative of hPTH(1-31)NH2, [Leu27]-cyclo(Glu22- Lys26)-hPTH(1-31)NH2, which might ultimately prove to he one of the more effective therapeutics for osteoporosis.