Review on drug delivery system for phytomedicine through mechanism of encapsulation

Abstract

Natural products have limitation in the bioavailability of active components because of numbers of reasons which includes poor solubility of the ingredient, poor stability due to gastric and colonic acidity, poor metabolism by the effect of gut microflora, poor absorption across the intestinal wall, poor active efflux mechanism and first-pass metabolic effects these factors make the failure of clinical trials and efficacy of natural phytochemicals used for human consumption both in cell culture and preclinical animal model systems is distinctly addressed by various researchers. Over the past decades, extraordinary advances have been made successfully on the development of novel drug delivery systems for encapsulation of plant active metabolites including organic, inorganic and hybrid nanoparticles .Various nanosystems and advanced biotechnology systems have been introduced to improve the therapeutic efficacy, safety and market appeal of nutraceuticals and phytochemicals, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, nanoparticles, and phytosomes. The advanced formulas are confirmed to have extraordinary benefits over conventional and previously used systems in the manner of solubility, bioavailability, toxicity, pharmacological activity, stability, distribution, sustained delivery, and both physical and chemical degradation.