The Effect of Obesity, Oral Contraceptive and Passive Smoking on the Risk of Cervical Cancer

Abstract

Background: Studies have investigated the effects of obesity on cancer development. However, the relationship between obesity and cervical cancer risk is unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of obesity, oral contraceptive and passive smoking on the risk of cervical cancer. Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, from October to December 2018. A sample of 200 patients was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 100 cervical cancer patients and 100 non cervical cancer patients. The dependent variable was cervical cancer. The independent variables were obesity, oral contraceptive use, smoking exposure, parity, age at first sexual intercourse, and family history. The data were obtained from medical record. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results:The risk of cervical cancer increased with obesity (OR= 6.83; 95%CI= 2.44 to 19.17; p<0.001), cigarette smoke exposure (OR= 12.57; 95% CI= 4.59 to 34.41; p<0.001),oral contraceptive use (OR= 3.43; 95%CI= 1.27 to 9.25; p= 0.015), parity (OR= 3.94; 95%CI= 1.47 to 10.59; p= 0.006), and family history (OR= 5.63; 95%CI= 1.94 to 16.34; p= 0.001).The risk of cervical cancer decreased with delayed menarche (OR= 0.24; 95%CI= 0.09 to 0.68; p= 0.007) and delayed age at first sexual intercourse (OR= 0.21; 95%CI= 0.86 to 0.53; p= 0.001). Conclusion: The risk of cervical cancer increases with obesity, oral contraceptive use, smoking exposure, parity, and family history.The risk of cervical cancer decreases with delayed menarche and delayed age at first sexual intercourse.