Relationship Between Dietary Patterns and Symptom Severity in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): A Patient-Centered Survey

Abstract

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent condition significantly influenced by dietary patterns. Understanding the relationship between diet and GERD symptom severity is crucial for effective management, particularly in populations with unique dietary practices, such as Pakistan. Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between dietary habits and GERD symptom severity in the Pakistani population, focusing on culturally specific dietary triggers and their impact on quality of life. Methods: A patient-centered cross-sectional survey was conducted among 76 participants aged 18 years and above, recruited from outpatient clinics and community settings. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, including demographic information, medical history, dietary habits (assessed via a modified Food Frequency Questionnaire), and GERD symptom severity (evaluated using the GERD-Q tool). Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, were performed using SPSS version 25. Results: Among participants, 65% (n=49) were diagnosed with GERD, and 35% (n=27) reported symptomatic but undiagnosed GERD. Frequent consumption of spicy foods (50%, n=38), fried foods (45%, n=34), and caffeinated beverages (65%, n=49) was strongly associated with increased symptom severity (p < 0.001). Moderate to severe symptoms were reported by 70% (n=53), significantly impacting daily activities and sleep. Despite treatment, 40% (n=30) expressed dissatisfaction with their management plan. Conclusion: Dietary patterns play a critical role in GERD symptom severity and quality of life in the Pakistani population. Culturally tailored dietary interventions and improved management strategies are needed to address this burden effectively.