Radionanomedicine: Combined Nuclear and Nanomedicine

Abstract

Nuclear medicine is practiced everyday in the clinic by nuclear physicians in collaboration with nuclear biologists, chemists and physicists. Nanomedicine is a medical application of nanotechnology, and it utilizes nanomaterials, biological and nanoelectronic devices, biosensors, and possibly molecular nanotechnology. The expansion of nanomedicine is a radionanomedicine which relies on the labeleing of radionuclides onto small amount of nanomaterials for theragnosis. This hopefully helps to solve the problems in the current practice of medicine which includes oncology, infection/inflammation, brain and heart diseases. Scientists would like very much to understand how to coordinate and implement the current understanding of nanomaterials and their behavior in the human body to be useful for the theranostic purpose. This is the first book for the combined efforts of physicians and radiopharmaceutical scientists to make a new medical field, radionanomedicine. The book written by 35 contibutors who are the experts in nuclear medicine and nanotechnology. It is organized into eight parts with 22 chapters. Part I with 4 chapters deals with exogenenous radionanomedicine including inorganic, graphene-based and organic nanomaterials as well as porphyrin and phthalocyanine radiolabeling. Part II with 4 chapters discusses endogenous radionanomedicine including extracellular vesicles, radiolabeling, biodistribution and imaging as well as validation of therapeutic potential. Part III with 2 chapters handles surface modification and radiolabeling, and part IV with 3 chapters reviews targeted delivery using click chemistry and F-18 labeling. Part V with 2 chapters discusses in vivo biodistribution including preclinical PET and SPECT as well as tracer kinetics, and part VI with 3 chapters deals with factors affecting biodistribution including pharmacokinetics, polyethylene glycolation, excretion as well as clearance. Part VII with 2 chapters discusses immune response and