Ektoparasit pada Peternakan Ayam Petelur di KecamatanKarangreja dan Kemangkon, Purbalingga, Jawa Tengah

Abstract

The chicken farming industry plays an important role in the Indonesian economy. Barriers are often felt by chicken farmers, such as the threat of disease, oneof which is caused by ectoparasite attacks. The purpose of this study was to determine the type and the level of diversity of ectoparasites, and to determine the effect of environmental conditions on the level of distribution of ectoparasites on chicken farms in Karangreja and Kemangkon. This research was conducted in two chicken farms located in Karangreja and Kemangkon sub-districts, Purbalingga, Central Java starting from January to March 2021. The methods used in this study were observing the general condition of the location, taking ectoparasites in chicken feces, sample preparation, and specimen identification. Data analysis was carried out by determining the level of density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, importance of ectoparasites, and knowing the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of ectoparasites in chickens. The results showed that the ectoparasites found in laying hens in Karangreja were Urodiaspis sp., Tyrophagussp., Urodiaspis pannonica, Uroobovella sp., Androlaelapssp., and Beierochelifer peloponnesiacus. Ectoparasites that can be found in Kemangkon are Urodiaspissp., Tyrophagussp., Macrocheles mammifer, Macrocheles muscadomesticae, and Beierochelifer peloponnesiacus. The level of diversity of ectoparasites in laying hens inKarangreja is 1,023 and is classified as moderate diversity. The level of diversity of ectoparasites in laying hens in Kemangkon is 0.710 and is classified as low diversity. Environmental conditions that affect the diversity of ectoparasites are temperature, soil pH, air humidity, and soil moisture.