Perspectives on the academic mission in Quebec’s health and social services system: a qualitative study

Abstract

Purpose – Academic health centers play a central role in integrating research, education and specialized care within health systems. In Quebec (Canada), these centers operate within a unique designation process that defines their academic mission and functions. This project, supported by the Ministry of Health and Social Services, explores how the academic mission is perceived and defined by those involved in its implementation, highlighting key functions, challenges and opportunities for its evolution. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative case study was conducted in 2021, involving 43 group interviews with 322 participants from designated and non-designated health and social services centers, universities, public-sector health organizations and national institutes. Data were analyzed using content analysis, combining deductive and inductive approaches to identify key themes. Findings – The academic mission remains focused on supporting care and services to improve population health and well-being. Interviewees emphasized the need to create value from academic mission activities and strongly believe in their positive impact. However, they also identified multiple barriers, including lack of recognition, limited resources and integration challenges. While research and education functions were clearly defined, other functions – such as knowledge translation, diffusion, health intervention and technology assessment and leading practices – were more difficult to define due to uncertainties regarding their objectives, implementation and alignment within the academic mission. Originality/value – This study provides empirical insights into the evolving academic mission within an integrated health and social services system. It offers recommendations for refining and harmonizing the designation process and criteria and strengthening the academic mission’s impact.