A review on phytochemistry, ethnobotany and pharmacology of Lantana camara L.

Abstract

Lantana camara L., is a versatile plant belongs to the family Verbenaceae. It is indigenous to the Americas and is extensively distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Despite its ecological challenges as an invasive species, it provides various benefits. This review explores its origin, distribution and adaptability to diverse ecosystems. The plant contains bioactive compounds like terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics and alkaloids, which are extracted through solvent extraction and steam distillation. These substances have strong biological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer properties. L. camara has ethnomedicinal value and is being studied for its potential in treating conditions like inflammation, diabetes, ulcers and wounds. Its rapid growth and resilient seeds make it difficult to control, requiring targeted management strategies. Nevertheless, the plant offers ecological benefits, enriching soil nitrogen and supporting carbon sequestration. Industrially, L. camara provides resources like oleanolic acid, carboxymethylcellulose and biomass for bioethanol and biogas production. Its fibres reinforce biomaterials and its extract is used to treat bovine dermatophilosis. The plant’s biomass has the potential for bio-energy, furniture making, basket weaving and insect repellents, offering sustainable solutions for cottage industries. This review highlights how L. camara, despite its invasiveness, can be harnessed for ecological and industrial applications.