Adverse childhood experience detrimental to health and function

Abstract

Traumatization, the operative infliction of a trauma/ traumatic event, may be described as the process(es) through which the criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are achieved. Trauma or a traumatic event stems from an overwhelming/excruciating bombardment of extreme stress that exceeds individuals' ability to cope, or integrate the cognitive-climate involved with that or those experience(s). Psychologically traumatic experiences often involve physical trauma that threatens individuals’ survival and sense of security with highly detrimental consequences for brain and CNS development [1]. In a group of childhood trauma survivors of foster care settings, trait anger, anger rumination, emotional abuse, and PTSD re-experiencing symptoms were expressed repeatedly with anger rumination related to meaningful past events as the central factor [2]. Tonic immobility, a temporary state of motor inhibition which is elicited in the context of inescapable threat and perception of entrapment, presents an involuntary motor and vocal inhibition reaction, considered the last-ditch response of the defensive cascade model. PTSD patients with high self-reported tonic immobility may offer a distinct stress response pattern, i.e., a proneness or predisposition to be afflicted by immobility. It presents a state of physical immobility associated with extreme stress and the development of PTSD and peritraumatic tonic immobility renders a massive link to sexual trauma, especially in child sufferers but strongly too in adolescents and adults, than to other types of trauma experience in the general population ****In conclusion,*** ** childhood adverse environments and/ or trauma and abuse ** develops invariably into a wide range of develops invariably into a wide range of maladaptive behaviors that may be identified through their **negative cognitive-emotional consequences** whether or not the individual afflicted present clinical or prodromal diagnoses extending from substance abuse and clinical depression, borderline personality to psychosis and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Movement disorders, including peritraumatic immobility and involuntary dyskinesia, cognitive expressions, such as rumination, negative cognitions, and word recall, and emotional features involving the stroop emotional effect, mood instability and anxiety-depressive affective state. Regional structuralvolumetric and functional alterations extend over prefrontal areas, involving dorsolateral, dorsomedial and ventrolateral projections, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, frontoparietal regions and the temperoparietal junctions following childhood maltreatment and traumatic experience; an interference to normal development that is far-reaching, far-ranging and permanent in its destruction and consequence.