Healthy lifestyles in relation to cardiometabolic diseases among schoolteachers: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: We aimed to explore the associations of adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) among schoolteachers in China. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 2983 teachers (aged 39.8 ± 9.3 years, 73.8% women) in Zhejiang Province, China. A healthy lifestyle score (0–7) was constructed based on seven low-risk factors: healthy diet, noncurrent smoking, noncurrent drinking, regular exercise, normal body mass index (BMI), adequate sleep duration, and limited sedentary behavior. CMDs included self-reported hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between healthy lifestyle and CMD. Results: A total of 493 (16.5%) participants had at least one CMD, with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes being the three leading CMDs. Each point increment in a healthy lifestyle score was associated with 20% lower odds of having CMD (p-trend < 0.001). Compared with 0–3 low-risk factors, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 0.66 (0.50–0.88) for 4 low-risk factors and 0.51 (0.39–0.67) for 5–7 low-risk factors. We observed independent associations for normal BMI (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.40–0.63), noncurrent drinking (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36–0.77), and limited sedentary behavior (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62–0.96) in relation to CMD. Healthy diet (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.55–1.01) exhibited marginally significant association with CMD. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle is associated with lower odds of CMD among schoolteachers.