Comparative Efficacy of Plant Extracts and Probiotics on Growth and Gut Health in Chickens with Necrotic Enteritis

Abstract

Necrotic enteritis, a severe intestinal disease in chickens caused by bacteria and parasites, poses a major challenge in poultry farming. Traditionally, antibiotics have been used to control this disease, but due to rising antibiotic resistance and regulatory restrictions, alternative treatments are needed. This study explored the use of four plant extracts—Astragalus, pomegranate peel, Sophora flavescens, and Artemisia annua—combined with a beneficial bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, to manage necrotic enteritis in chickens. Researchers found that pomegranate peel was effective, even surpassing a standard antibiotic in reducing inflammation and promoting growth. Some combinations, like S. flavescens extract with B. subtilis, showed increased tight junction proteins’ expression, while others, like pomegranate peel extract with B. subtilis, had reduced growth performance. This research highlights the potential of natural treatments as safe, effective options for farmers to improve chicken health, reduce reliance on antibiotics, and support sustainable poultry production.