Understanding older adults’ perception, acceptance, and adoption of smart home technologies

Abstract

Smart home technologies have increased in popularity and affordability in recent years, however, there is limited research on their adoption specifically among older adults. This study aims to uncover incentives and barriers to the adoption of smart home components, given the impact of COVID-19 on older adults’ quality of life (QoL). For this purpose, online audio-recorded interviews were conducted with 21 participants aged between 65 and 90 years from the UK, Malta, and Pakistan. Participants were shown various smart home technology images and videos and asked for their perception, existing knowledge, and current use. The corresponding audio recordings were transcribed and thematically analysed. Findings revealed that older adults experienced a decline in QoL during COVID-19, accompanied by an increased reliance on digital technologies. While participants recognised the potential of smart home devices to enhance independence and well-being, their knowledge of available options was limited. Key barriers included affordability, privacy and trust concerns, compatibility and integration issues, and environmental and social considerations. Cross-cultural differences emerged, with European participants reporting higher familiarity than those in Pakistan, particularly rural areas where availability was limited. These results highlight the need for designers and policymakers to improve affordability, usability, and cultural adaptability in order to support older adults’ acceptance and meaningful adoption of smart home technologies.