Economic Analysis of PV-Generator Hybrid Off-Grid Systems in Underdeveloped Indonesian Regions

Abstract

The escalating demand for electrical energy in both rural and urban sectors necessitates a reliable and sustainable source, as the availability of traditional fossil fuels diminishes and their contribution to global warming becomes increasingly untenable. This study thus explores an environmentally-friendly solution via the Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES), a convergence of multiple renewable energy sources for electricity production. The focus is on an off-grid photovoltaic-wind turbine hybrid system that harnesses solar and wind energy to meet the electrical needs of the scarcely accessible Maluku Province. A feasibility analysis is conducted using the Homer software to evaluate the system's potential. The results reveal that Tual City, with the lowest Net Present Cost (NPC) amounting to Rp. 268,439,300.00 and a Cost of Energy (COE) of Rp. 3,220.56, presents the most promising potential for development. The total electricity generated by this hybrid system is projected to reach 9,457 kWh/year, highlighting its potential as a sustainable solution to the pressing energy needs in remote regions.