Impact of metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation on endothelial function in postmenopausal women

Abstract

Objective: Data on the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and systemic inflammation on endothelial function remains scarce. In this study, we aimed to investigate the combined effects of MetS and systemic inflammation on endothelial function in postmenopausal women. Methods: We identified 423 postmenopausal women from February 2019 through July 2020. MetS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, and high sensitivity C-reaction protein (hs-CRP) was measured to assess the degree of underlying inflammation. The measurement of endothelial function was using digital arterial tonometry by assessing reactive hyperemia-induced vasodilation in one arm and adjusting for changes in the contralateral arm (reactive hyperemia index, RHI). Results: There were 156 patients with MetS and 267 without MetS. Compared to the group without MetS, patients with MetS had significantly lower natural logarithmic RHI (0.66±0.29 versus 0.91±0.31; p<0.001), but higher levels of hs-CRP (0.98 [0.31, 3.54] versus 0.53 [0.20, 2.14]; p<0.001). In sequential multivariable analysis, the presence of hs-CRP (ΔR2=0.047, p=0.004) had a significant and independent influence on natural logarithmic RHI. Furthermore, the interaction of hs-CRP*MetS was synergistically associated with endothelial dysfunction even in the fully adjusted model (β=-0.107, 95% CI [-0.161~-0.053], p=0.009). Conclusion: MetS and systemic inflammation are synergistically associated with endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women with both these conditions appear to be at a significantly higher risk for adverse cardiovascular events.