Adipose tissue and age‑dependent insulin resistance: New insights into WAT browning (Review)

Abstract

Insulin resistance (IR) is defined as impaired insulin function, reduced glucose uptake and increased glucose production, which can result in type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome and even bone metabolic disorders. A possible reason for the increasing incidence of IR is popula‑ tion aging. Adipose tissue (AT) is an important endocrine organ that serves a crucial role in whole‑body energy homeo‑ stasis. AT can be divided into white AT (WAT), beige AT and brown AT (BAT). Several mechanisms have been previ‑ ously associated with age‑dependent IR in WAT. However, BAT, a metabolically active tissue, controls the levels of plasma glucose and triglyceride metabolism. Therefore, the present review aimed to summarize the mechanisms of age‑dependent IR induced by AT and to determine the role of WAT browning in achieving positive therapeutic outcomes in age‑dependent IR.